{"id":3244,"date":"2019-08-05T12:30:22","date_gmt":"2019-08-05T12:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/optical-encoders\/"},"modified":"2026-01-29T04:40:29","modified_gmt":"2026-01-29T04:40:29","slug":"optical-encoders","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/optical-encoders\/","title":{"rendered":"What is an optical encoder?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-fe9cc265 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>An optical encoder is an electromechanical device that uses a light source, photosensitive detectors, and an optical grating to convert rotary or linear position to an electrical signal.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"544\" height=\"213\" src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/06\/what-is-an-optical-encoder.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3237\" srcset=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/06\/what-is-an-optical-encoder.jpg?quality=85&amp;strip=all 544w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/06\/what-is-an-optical-encoder.jpg?resize=320%2C125&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 320w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/06\/what-is-an-optical-encoder.jpg?resize=400%2C157&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optical Encoder implementations<\/h2>\n\n<p>There are three primary implementations:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Transmissive<\/li><li>Reflective<\/li><li>Interferential<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<p>The interferential optical encoder is the clear leader in terms of precision, as shown in the table (right). Interferential and reflective technologies make small size and low weight possible. The transmissive encoder is typically in an enclosure and can be more rugged depending on the rating of the enclosure. The higher precision of the interferential encoder demands tighter alignment tolerances, but the requirements are not onerous considering the resolution and accuracy of the device.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/Optical-encoder-implementations.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3238\" srcset=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/Optical-encoder-implementations.png?quality=85&amp;strip=all 602w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/Optical-encoder-implementations.png?resize=320%2C232&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 320w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/07\/Optical-encoder-implementations.png?resize=400%2C290&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optical Encoders definition \u2013 Interferential<\/h2>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"411\" src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/optical-encoder.jpg\" alt=\"Optical Encoder\" class=\"wp-image-3239\" srcset=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/optical-encoder.jpg?quality=85&amp;strip=all 900w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/optical-encoder.jpg?resize=320%2C146&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 320w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/optical-encoder.jpg?resize=400%2C183&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 400w, https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/optical-encoder.jpg?resize=840%2C384&amp;quality=85&amp;strip=all 840w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<p>An interferential optical encoder operates by a coherent laser light source generating a diverging beam, which illuminates a diffraction grating pattern printed on the scale.  The grating pattern is created using either chrome deposition on a glass scale, or laser written lines on a metal tape scale. The 20\u00b5m pitch grating diffracts the light to generate a high contrast interference pattern of bright and dark, directly back onto a detector array. Inherently incremental, a second index\/marker track is typically used.<\/p>\n\n<p>The diffracted light creates discrete Talbot planes of interference patterns. In the example below, the 3<sup>rd<\/sup> Talbot plane is utilized. As the relative position of the scale and detector changes, the diffraction pattern translates across the detector array, resulting in a sinusoidal change in each detector cell.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strengths and weaknesses of interferential optical encoders<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Strengths<\/th><th>Weaknesses<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>High resolution<\/td><td> accuracy<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<p>Click to read our Technical Paper \u2018<a href=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/technical-paper\/optical-encoder-technologies\/\">Incremental Optical Encoder Technologies<\/a>\u2019 to learn more about how each technology works and the relative pros and cons.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Celera Motion Optical Encoders<\/h2>\n\n<p>Celera Motion\u2019s optical encoders are primarily interferential. The interferential encoder is the clear leader in terms of precision and this technology make small size and low weight possible. Find more information about our optical encoder products by selecting below;<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"home-product-section\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"product-carousel-wrap\">\n<div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"product-carousel\" data-items=\"1,3,4,4\" data-slide=\"1\" id=\"product-carousel\" data-interval=\"1000\">\n<div class=\"product-carousel-inner\">\n<div class=\"product-item col\">\n<div class=\"product-box-item\">\n<a href=\"\/optical-sensors\/products\/optical-rotary-encoders\/\">\n<div class=\"item-content\">\n<div class=\"item-overlay\"><\/div>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\"   src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Rotary-angle-encoders.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid wp-post-image wp-image-3240\" alt=\"Rotary angle encoders\" >\n<div class=\"item-details\">\n<p class=\"item-text\">Our miniature sensor heads provide precise motion feedback and servo control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item-title\">\nRotary Encoders<span><i class=\"arrow-btn\"><\/i><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"product-item col\">\n<div class=\"product-box-item\">\n<a href=\"\/optical-sensors\/products\/linear-encoders\/\">\n<div class=\"item-content\">\n<div class=\"item-overlay\"><\/div>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\"   src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/12\/Linear-Encoders-.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid wp-post-image wp-image-3241\" alt=\"Linear Encoders\" >\n<div class=\"item-details\">\n<p class=\"item-text\">Optical linear encoder products based on our PurePrecision and VeraPath technologies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item-title\">\nLinear Encoders<span><i class=\"arrow-btn\"><\/i><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"product-item col\">\n<div class=\"product-box-item\">\n<a href=\"\/optical-sensors\/products\/tape-and-glass-scales\/\">\n<div class=\"item-content\">\n<div class=\"item-overlay\"><\/div>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\"   src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Tape-scales-glass-scales.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid wp-post-image wp-image-3242\" alt=\"Tape scales &amp; glass scales\" >\n<div class=\"item-details\">\n<p class=\"item-text\">High performance linear metal tape, glass gratings, and rotary glass scales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item-title\">\nTape &amp; Glass Scales<span><i class=\"arrow-btn\"><\/i><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"product-item col\">\n<div class=\"product-box-item\">\n<a href=\"\/optical-sensors\/products\/oem-solutions\/\">\n<div class=\"item-content\">\n<div class=\"item-overlay\"><\/div>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"235\"   src=\"https:\/\/novanta.com\/robotics-automation\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2026\/01\/Microelectronics-OEM-Systems.jpg\" class=\"img-fluid wp-post-image wp-image-3243\" alt=\"Microelectronics OEM Systems\" >\n<div class=\"item-details\">\n<p class=\"item-text\">Unique applications of MicroE optical encoder technologies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"item-title\">\nOEM Encoder Solutions<span><i class=\"arrow-btn\"><\/i><\/span>\n<\/div>\n<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<button class=\"carousel-left over\"><span><i class=\"arrow-btn left-arrow\"><\/i><\/span><\/button>\n<button class=\"carousel-right\"><span><i class=\"arrow-btn right-arrow\"><\/i><\/span><\/button>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Optical Encoder Applications<\/h2>\n\n<p>Optical encoders are used in a wide range of applications that require monitoring or control, or both, of mechanical systems. These applications include;<\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/medical\/surgical-robotic-arm\/\">Surgical robotics<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/medical\/diagnostic-imaging\/\">Diagnostic imaging<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/medical\/radiation-therapy-ssme-06\/\">Radiation therapy<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/medical\/microfluidic-dispensing-ssme-08\/\">Microfluidic Dispensing<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/medical\/robotic-arm-end-effector-ssme-02\/\">Robotic Arm End Effector<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/medical\/laser-cataract-surgery-ssme-04\/\">Laser Cataract Surgery<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/industrial\/photonics\/\">Photonics<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/microelectronics\/precision-photonics-stage-ssmi-07\/\">Precision Photonics Stage<\/a><br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.celeramotion.com\/applications\/scientific\/dna-sequencing-sssc-02\/\">DNA Sequencing<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An optical encoder is an electromechanical device that uses a light source, photosensitive detectors, and an optical grating to convert rotary or linear position to an electrical signal. Optical Encoder implementations There are three primary implementations: The interferential optical encoder is the clear leader in terms of precision, as shown in the table (right). Interferential [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3244","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Optical Encoders | Celera Motion<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how our efficiently compact Optical Encoders provide higher precision, resolution and accuracy. 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